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A second-order ordinary differential equation d/(dx)[p(x)(dy)/(dx)]+[lambdaw(x)-q(x)]y=0, where lambda is a constant and w(x) is a known function called either the density or ...

Toroidal functions are a class of functions also called ring functions that appear in systems having toroidal symmetry. Toroidal functions can be expressed in terms of the ...

The torsion of a space curve, sometimes also called the "second curvature" (Kreyszig 1991, p. 47), is the rate of change of the curve's osculating plane. The torsion tau is ...

A minimal surface discovered by L. P. M. Jorge and W. Meeks III in 1983 with Enneper-Weierstrass parameterization f = 1/((zeta^3-1)^2) (1) g = zeta^2 (2) (Dickson 1990). ...

The unsorted union of a list S is a list containing the same elements as S but with the second and subsequent occurrence of any given element removed. For example, the ...

A surface which can be interpreted as a self-intersecting rectangle in three dimensions. The Whitney umbrella is the only stable singularity of mappings from R^2 to R^3. It ...

Two distinct theorems are referred to as "the de Bruijn-Erdős theorem." One of them (de Bruijn and Erdős 1951) concerns the chromatic number of infinite graphs; the other (de ...

The Catalan numbers on nonnegative integers n are a set of numbers that arise in tree enumeration problems of the type, "In how many ways can a regular n-gon be divided into ...

The Mertens constant B_1, also known as the Hadamard-de la Vallee-Poussin constant, prime reciprocal constant (Bach and Shallit 1996, p. 234), or Kronecker's constant ...

The game of tic-tac-toe, also spelled ticktacktoe and also known as 3-in-a-row or "naughts and crosses," is a game in which players alternate placing pieces (typically Xs for ...