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Let the probabilities of various classes in a distribution be p_1, p_2, ..., p_k, with observed frequencies m_1, m_2, ..., m_k. The quantity ...

The modulus of a complex number z, also called the complex norm, is denoted |z| and defined by |x+iy|=sqrt(x^2+y^2). (1) If z is expressed as a complex exponential (i.e., a ...

The cylinder function is defined as C(x,y)={1 for sqrt(x^2+y^2)<=a; 0 for sqrt(x^2+y^2)>a. (1) The Bessel functions are sometimes also called cylinder functions. To find the ...

The Danzer configuration is a 35_4 self-dual configuration of 35 lines and 35 points in which 4 points lie on each line and 4 lines pass through each point. The Levi graph of ...

A limiting case in which a class of object changes its nature so as to belong to another, usually simpler, class. For example, the point is a degenerate case of the circle as ...

The operation of drilling a tubular neighborhood of a knot K in S^3 and then gluing in a solid torus so that its meridian curve goes to a (p,q)-curve on the torus boundary of ...

A graph G is said to be disconnected if it is not connected, i.e., if there exist two nodes in G such that no path in G has those nodes as endpoints. The numbers of ...

Let the squares square ABCD and square AB^'C^'D^' share a common polygon vertex A. The midpoints Q and S of the segments B^'D and BD^' together with the centers of the ...

The Gibbs phenomenon is an overshoot (or "ringing") of Fourier series and other eigenfunction series occurring at simple discontinuities. It can be reduced with the Lanczos ...

A two-dimensional generalization of the Haar transform which is used for the compression of astronomical images. The algorithm consists of dividing the 2^N×2^N image into ...