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The abscissas of the N-point Gaussian quadrature formula are precisely the roots of the orthogonal polynomial for the same interval and weighting function.

Let a closed surface have genus g. Then the polyhedral formula generalizes to the Poincaré formula chi(g)=V-E+F, (1) where chi(g)=2-2g (2) is the Euler characteristic, ...

A median A_1M_1 of a triangle DeltaA_1A_2A_3 is the Cevian from one of its vertices A_1 to the midpoint M_1 of the opposite side. The three medians of any triangle are ...

The semiperimeter on a figure is defined as s=1/2p, (1) where p is the perimeter. The semiperimeter of polygons appears in unexpected ways in the computation of their areas. ...

A well-formed formula B is said to be true for the interpretation M (written |=_MB) iff every sequence in Sigma (the set of all denumerable sequences of elements of the ...

Given a rectangle having sides in the ratio 1:phi, the golden ratio phi is defined such that partitioning the original rectangle into a square and new rectangle results in a ...

A prime factorization algorithm also known as Pollard Monte Carlo factorization method. There are two aspects to the Pollard rho factorization method. The first is the idea ...

Propositional calculus, first-order logic, and other theories in mathematical logic are defined by their axioms (or axiom schemata, plural: axiom schemata) and inference ...

A metatheorem in mathematical logic also known under the name "conditional proof." It states that if the sentential formula B can be derived from the set of sentential ...

The volume of a polyhedron composed of N triangular faces with vertices (a_i,b_i,c_i) can be computed using the curl theorem as V=1/6sum_(i=1)^Na_i·n_i, where the normal n_i ...