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The south pole is the point on a sphere with minimum z-coordinate for a given coordinate system. For a rotating sphere like the Earth, the natural coordinate system is ...

The tangent indicatrix of a curve of constant precession is a spherical helix. The equation of a spherical helix on a sphere with radius r making an angle theta with the ...

A spheroidal section is the curve formed by the intersection of a plane with a spheroid. A spheroidal section is either a circle (for planes parallel to an equator, i.e., ...

A term meaning "spinning top" in Greek which was coined by J. H. Conway by e-mail in the Polyhedron Discussion List as a term for kite-shaped quadrilaterals. Formally, a ...

A parallel of a surface of revolution is the intersection of the surface with a plane orthogonal to the axis of revolution.

A catastrophe which can occur for three control factors and one behavior axis. The swallowtail catastrophe is the universal unfolding of singularity f(x)=x^5 with codimension ...

A surface of revolution obtained by rotating a closed plane curve about an axis parallel to the plane which does not intersect the curve. The simplest toroid is the torus. ...

A trace form on an arbitrary algebra A is a symmetric bilinear form (x,y) such that (xy,z)=(x,yz) for all x,y,z in A (Schafer 1996, p. 24).

An undecahedron is a polyhedron having 11 faces. Examples include those illustrated above and summarized in the following table. F E V name 11 8 17 biaugmented triangular ...

The unit upper half-disk is the portion of the complex plane satisfying {|z|<=1,I[z]>0}.