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The absolute value of a real number x is denoted |x| and defined as the "unsigned" portion of x, |x| = xsgn(x) (1) = {-x for x<=0; x for x>=0, (2) where sgn(x) is the sign ...

Given two intersecting lines or line segments, the amount of rotation about the point of intersection (the vertex) required to bring one into correspondence with the other is ...

In general, "a" calculus is an abstract theory developed in a purely formal way. "The" calculus, more properly called analysis (or real analysis or, in older literature, ...

A branch of mathematics that is a sort of generalization of calculus. Calculus of variations seeks to find the path, curve, surface, etc., for which a given function has a ...

The word "convergent" has a number of different meanings in mathematics. Most commonly, it is an adjective used to describe a convergent sequence or convergent series, where ...

A series is said to be convergent if it approaches some limit (D'Angelo and West 2000, p. 259). Formally, the infinite series sum_(n=1)^(infty)a_n is convergent if the ...

The correlation coefficient, sometimes also called the cross-correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), Pearson's r, the Perason product-moment ...

Given a function f(x_1,...,x_n) defined on a domain U, the graph of f is defined as the set of points (which often form a curve or surface) showing the values taken by f over ...

Gaussian curvature, sometimes also called total curvature (Kreyszig 1991, p. 131), is an intrinsic property of a space independent of the coordinate system used to describe ...

Go is played on a 19×19 grid, with pieces being placed at the intersections of grid lines, rather than in the middle of them. Go boards have a number of peculiarities, ...