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Typesetting "errors" in which exponents or multiplication signs are omitted but the resulting expression is equivalent to the original one. Examples include 2^59^2=2592 (1) ...

A polyhedron having two polygons in parallel planes as bases and triangular or trapezoidal lateral faces with one side lying in one base and the opposite polyhedron vertex or ...

Given an event E in a sample space S which is either finite with N elements or countably infinite with N=infty elements, then we can write S=( union _(i=1)^NE_i), and a ...

The probability Q_delta that a random sample from an infinite normally distributed universe will have a mean m within a distance |delta| of the mean mu of the universe is ...

A number satisfying Fermat's little theorem (or some other primality test) for some nontrivial base. A probable prime which is shown to be composite is called a pseudoprime ...

A projection is the transformation of points and lines in one plane onto another plane by connecting corresponding points on the two planes with parallel lines. This can be ...

The path traced out by a fixed point at a radius b>a, where a is the radius of a rolling circle, also sometimes called an extended cycloid. The prolate cycloid contains ...

Proof theory, also called metamathematics, is the study of mathematics and mathematical reasoning (Hofstadter 1989) in a general and abstract sense itself. Instead of ...

Proper covers are defined as covers of a set X which do not contain the entire set X itself as a subset (Macula 1994). Of the five covers of {1,2}, namely {{1},{2}}, {{1,2}}, ...

A positive proper divisor is a positive divisor of a number n, excluding n itself. For example, 1, 2, and 3 are positive proper divisors of 6, but 6 itself is not. The number ...