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A number satisfying Fermat's little theorem (or some other primality test) for some nontrivial base. A probable prime which is shown to be composite is called a pseudoprime ...

The term "product" refers to the result of one or more multiplications. For example, the mathematical statement a×b=c would be read "a times b equals c," where a is called ...

The projective plane crossing number of a graph is the minimal number of crossings with which the graph can be drawn on the real projective plane. A graph with projective ...

The path traced out by a fixed point at a radius b>a, where a is the radius of a rolling circle, also sometimes called an extended cycloid. The prolate cycloid contains ...

The case of the Weierstrass elliptic function with invariants g_2=-1 and g_3=0. The half-periods for this case are L(1+i)/4 and L(-1+i)/4, where L is the lemniscate constant ...

"Q.E.D." (sometimes written "QED") is an abbreviation for the Latin phrase "quod erat demonstrandum" ("that which was to be demonstrated"), a notation which is often placed ...

A quartic nonhamiltonian graph is a quartic graph that is nonhamiltonian. A number of such graphs are illustrated above. Van Cleemput and Zamfirescu (2018) gave a 39-vertex ...

A technical conjecture which connects algebraic K-theory to étale cohomology. The conjecture was made more precise by Dwyer and Friedlander (1982). Thomason (1985) ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It requires m+1 points and fits all polynomials to degree 2m, so it effectively fits exactly all ...

The real part R[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number not multiplying i, so R[x+iy]=x. In terms of z itself, R[z]=1/2(z+z^_), where z^_ is the complex conjugate of ...