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A point process is a probabilistic model for random scatterings of points on some space X often assumed to be a subset of R^d for some d. Oftentimes, point processes describe ...

The numbers of positive definite n×n matrices of given types are summarized in the following table. For example, the three positive eigenvalues 2×2 (0,1)-matrices are [1 0; 0 ...

A prime ideal is an ideal I such that if ab in I, then either a in I or b in I. For example, in the integers, the ideal a=<p> (i.e., the multiples of p) is prime whenever p ...

A primefree sequence is sequence whose terms are never prime. Graham (1964) proved that there exist relatively prime positive integers a and b such that the recurrence ...

For some authors (e.g., Bourbaki, 1964), the same as principal ideal domain. Most authors, however, do not require the ring to be an integral domain, and define a principal ...

A problem in game theory first discussed by A. Tucker. Suppose each of two prisoners A and B, who are not allowed to communicate with each other, is offered to be set free if ...

A round number is a number that is the product of a considerable number of comparatively small factors (Hardy 1999, p. 48). Round numbers are very rare. As Hardy (1999, p. ...

Rule 150 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

Rule 60 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

The Schrödinger equation describes the motion of particles in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, and was first written down by Erwin Schrödinger. The time-dependent ...