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A power is an exponent to which a given quantity is raised. The expression x^a is therefore known as "x to the ath power." A number of powers of x are plotted above (cf. ...

A quadratic equation is a second-order polynomial equation in a single variable x ax^2+bx+c=0, (1) with a!=0. Because it is a second-order polynomial equation, the ...

A regular polygon is an n-sided polygon in which the sides are all the same length and are symmetrically placed about a common center (i.e., the polygon is both equiangular ...

A repunit prime is a repunit (i.e., a number consisting of copies of the single digit 1) that is also a prime number. The base-10 repunit (possibly probable) primes ...

A right triangle is triangle with an angle of 90 degrees (pi/2 radians). The sides a, b, and c of such a triangle satisfy the Pythagorean theorem a^2+b^2=c^2, (1) where the ...

The Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction is a generalized continued fraction defined by R(q)=(q^(1/5))/(1+q/(1+(q^2)/(1+(q^3)/(1+...)))) (1) (Rogers 1894, Ramanujan 1957, ...

The sine function sinx is one of the basic functions encountered in trigonometry (the others being the cosecant, cosine, cotangent, secant, and tangent). Let theta be an ...

The small stellated dodecahedron is the Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra whose dual polyhedron is the great dodecahedron. It is also uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 34 (Maeder ...

A spanning tree of a graph on n vertices is a subset of n-1 edges that form a tree (Skiena 1990, p. 227). For example, the spanning trees of the cycle graph C_4, diamond ...

Define the packing density eta of a packing of spheres to be the fraction of a volume filled by the spheres. In three dimensions, there are three periodic packings for ...