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Let lim stand for the limit lim_(x->c), lim_(x->c^-), lim_(x->c^+), lim_(x->infty), or lim_(x->-infty), and suppose that lim f(x) and lim g(x) are both zero or are both ...

The Lagrange interpolating polynomial is the polynomial P(x) of degree <=(n-1) that passes through the n points (x_1,y_1=f(x_1)), (x_2,y_2=f(x_2)), ..., (x_n,y_n=f(x_n)), and ...

A linear recurrence equation is a recurrence equation on a sequence of numbers {x_n} expressing x_n as a first-degree polynomial in x_k with k<n. For example ...

A geometric construction done with a movable compass alone. All constructions possible with a compass and straightedge are possible with a movable compass alone, as was ...

The largest value of a set, function, etc. The maximum value of a set of elements A={a_i}_(i=1)^N is denoted maxA or max_(i)a_i, and is equal to the last element of a sorted ...

Martin Gardner (1975) played an April Fool's joke by asserting that the map of 110 regions illustrated above (left figure) required five colors and constitutes a ...

The terms "measure," "measurable," etc. have very precise technical definitions (usually involving sigma-algebras) that can make them appear difficult to understand. However, ...

The smallest value of a set, function, etc. The minimum value of a set of elements A={a_i}_(i=1)^N is denoted minA or min_(i)a_i, and is equal to the first element of a ...

The modified bessel function of the second kind is the function K_n(x) which is one of the solutions to the modified Bessel differential equation. The modified Bessel ...

A Diophantine problem (i.e., one whose solution must be given in terms of integers) which seeks a solution to the following problem. Given n men and a pile of coconuts, each ...