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A symmetric matrix is a square matrix that satisfies A^(T)=A, (1) where A^(T) denotes the transpose, so a_(ij)=a_(ji). This also implies A^(-1)A^(T)=I, (2) where I is the ...

The distribution for the sum X_1+X_2+...+X_n of n uniform variates on the interval [0,1] can be found directly as (1) where delta(x) is a delta function. A more elegant ...

Roughly speaking, the metric tensor g_(ij) is a function which tells how to compute the distance between any two points in a given space. Its components can be viewed as ...

The quaternions are members of a noncommutative division algebra first invented by William Rowan Hamilton. The idea for quaternions occurred to him while he was walking along ...

A series of the form sum_(k=1)^infty(-1)^(k+1)a_k (1) or sum_(k=1)^infty(-1)^ka_k, (2) where a_k>0. A series with positive terms can be converted to an alternating series ...

Given the functional (1) find in a class of arcs satisfying p differential and q finite equations phi_alpha(y_1,...,y_n;y_1^',...,y_n^')=0 for alpha=1,...,p ...

A cubic polynomial is a polynomial of degree 3. A univariate cubic polynomial has the form f(x)=a_3x^3+a_2x^2+a_1x+a_0. An equation involving a cubic polynomial is called a ...

The L^2-inner product of two real functions f and g on a measure space X with respect to the measure mu is given by <f,g>_(L^2)=int_Xfgdmu, sometimes also called the bracket ...

Consider (1) If the probability distribution is governed by a Markov process, then P_3(y_1,t_1;y_2,t_2|y_3,t_3) = P_2(y_2,t_2|y_3,t_3) (2) = P_2(y_2|y_3,t_3-t_2). (3) ...

An nth-rank tensor in m-dimensional space is a mathematical object that has n indices and m^n components and obeys certain transformation rules. Each index of a tensor ranges ...