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A measure which takes values in the complex numbers. The set of complex measures on a measure space X forms a vector space. Note that this is not the case for the more common ...

The convective derivative is a derivative taken with respect to a moving coordinate system. It is also called the advective derivative, derivative following the motion, ...

Functional analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with infinite-dimensional vector spaces (mainly function spaces) and mappings between them. The spaces may be of ...

A (2n)×(2n) complex matrix A in C^(2n×2n) is said to be Hamiltonian if J_nA=(J_nA)^(H), (1) where J_n in R^(2n×2n) is the matrix of the form J_n=[0 I_n; I_n 0], (2) I_n is ...

Let A be an involutive algebra over the field C of complex numbers with involution xi|->xi^♯. Then A is a left Hilbert algebra if A has an inner product <·,·> satisfying: 1. ...

There are no fewer than three distinct notions of the term local C^*-algebra used throughout functional analysis. A normed algebra A=(A,|·|_A) is said to be a local ...

Let u_(p) be a unit tangent vector of a regular surface M subset R^3. Then the normal curvature of M in the direction u_(p) is kappa(u_(p))=S(u_(p))·u_(p), (1) where S is the ...

Let A be a C^*-algebra. An element a in A is called positive if a=a* and sp(a) subset= R^+, or equivalently if there exists an element b in A such that a=bb^*. For example, ...

Consider the expression 3×7+2^2. This expression has value (3×7)+(2^2)=25 due to what is called operator precedence (or "order of operations"). Precedence of common operators ...

The Ricci flow equation is the evolution equation d/(dt)g_(ij)(t)=-2R_(ij) for a Riemannian metric g_(ij), where R_(ij) is the Ricci curvature tensor. Hamilton (1982) showed ...