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A K-rational point is a point (X,Y) on an algebraic curve f(X,Y)=0, where X and Y are in a field K. For example, rational point in the field Q of ordinary rational numbers is ...

A curvilinear polygon built up of circular arcs. The Reuleaux polygon is a generalization of the Reuleaux triangle and, for an odd number of sides, is a curve of constant ...

An algorithm for determining the order of an elliptic curve E/F_p over the finite field F_p.

A skew conic, also known as a gauche conic, space conic, twisted conic, or cubical conic section, is a third-order space curve having up to three points in common with a ...

A straight line is tangent to a given curve f(x) at a point x_0 on the curve if the line passes through the point (x_0,f(x_0)) on the curve and has slope f^'(x_0), where ...

For a plane curve, the tangential angle phi is defined by rhodphi=ds, (1) where s is the arc length and rho is the radius of curvature. The tangential angle is therefore ...

A tube of radius r of a set gamma is the set of points at a distance r from gamma. In particular, if gamma(t) is a regular space curve whose curvature does not vanish, then ...

An invariant of an elliptic curve given in the form y^2=x^3+ax+b which is closely related to the elliptic discriminant and defined by j(E)=(2^83^3a^3)/(4a^3+27b^2). The ...

An affine transformation is any transformation that preserves collinearity (i.e., all points lying on a line initially still lie on a line after transformation) and ratios of ...

The most common form of cosine integral is Ci(x) = -int_x^infty(costdt)/t (1) = gamma+lnx+int_0^x(cost-1)/tdt (2) = 1/2[Ei(ix)+Ei(-ix)] (3) = -1/2[E_1(ix)+E_1(-ix)], (4) ...