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A matrix that has undergone Gaussian elimination is said to be in row echelon form or, more properly, "reduced echelon form" or "row-reduced echelon form." Such a matrix has ...

The natural norm induced by the L2-norm. Let A^(H) be the conjugate transpose of the square matrix A, so that (a_(ij))^(H)=(a^__(ji)), then the spectral norm is defined as ...

A matrix is ill-conditioned if the condition number is too large (and singular if it is infinite).

A subset {v_1,...,v_k} of a vector space V, with the inner product <,>, is called orthogonal if <v_i,v_j>=0 when i!=j. That is, the vectors are mutually perpendicular. Note ...

The Schur decomposition of a complex square matrix A is a matrix decomposition of the form Q^(H)AQ=T=D+N, (1) where Q is a unitary matrix, Q^(H) is its conjugate transpose, ...

Given a symmetric positive definite matrix A, the Cholesky decomposition is an upper triangular matrix U with strictly positive diagonal entries such that A=U^(T)U. Cholesky ...

A set of vectors in Euclidean n-space is said to satisfy the Haar condition if every set of n vectors is linearly independent (Cheney 1999). Expressed otherwise, each ...

A Hermitian inner product on a complex vector space V is a complex-valued bilinear form on V which is antilinear in the second slot, and is positive definite. That is, it ...

The orthogonal complement of a subspace V of the vector space R^n is the set of vectors which are orthogonal to all elements of V. For example, the orthogonal complement of ...

Suppose that V={(x_1,x_2,x_3)} and W={(x_1,0,0)}. Then the quotient space V/W (read as "V mod W") is isomorphic to {(x_2,x_3)}=R^2. In general, when W is a subspace of a ...