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Define a carefree couple as a pair of positive integers (a,b) such that a and b are relatively prime (i.e., GCD(a,b)=1) and a is squarefree. Similarly, define a strongly ...

It is thought that the totient valence function N_phi(m)>=2, i.e., if there is an n such that phi(n)=m, then there are at least two solutions n. This assertion is called ...

Four circles c_1, c_2, c_3, and c_4 are tangent to a fifth circle or a straight line iff T_(12)T_(34)+/-T_(13)T_(42)+/-T_(14)T_(23)=0. (1) where T_(ij) is the length of a ...

A catacaustic is a curve that is the envelope of rays emanating from a specified point (or a point at infinite distance producing parallel rays) for a given mirror shape. The ...

Based on methods developer in collaboration with M. Leclert, Catalan (1865) computed the constant K=0.915965594177... (OEIS A006752) now known as Catalans' constant to 9 ...

A catenary of revolution. The catenoid and plane are the only surfaces of revolution which are also minimal surfaces. The catenoid can be given by the parametric equations x ...

A caterpillar graph, caterpillar tree, or simply "caterpillar," is a tree in which every graph vertex is on a central stalk or only one graph edge away from the stalk (in ...

The (connected) caveman graph is a graph arising in social network theory formed by modifying a set of isolated k-cliques (or "caves") by removing one edge from each clique ...

Cayley's cubic surface is the unique cubic surface having four ordinary double points (Hunt), the maximum possible for cubic surface (Endraß). The Cayley cubic is invariant ...

The function [x] which gives the smallest integer >=x, shown as the thick curve in the above plot. Schroeder (1991) calls the ceiling function symbols the "gallows" because ...