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A number h which satisfies the conditions of the congruum problem: x^2+h=a^2 and x^2-h=b^2, where x,h,a,b are integers. The list of congrua is given by 24, 96, 120, 240, 336, ...

If a, b, c, and d are points in the extended complex plane C^*, their cross ratio, also called the cross-ratio (Courant and Robbins 1996, p. 172; Durell 1928, p. 73), ...

The largest cube dividing a positive integer n. For n=1, 2, ..., the first few are 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 8, 1, 1, ... (OEIS A008834).

A natural number n>3 such that n|(a^(n-2)-a) whenever (a,n)=1 (a and n are relatively prime) and a<=n. (Here, n|m means that n divides m.) There are an infinite number of ...

A figurate number of the form 4n^2-3n. The first few are 1, 10, 27, 52, 85, ... (OEIS A001107). The generating function giving the decagonal numbers is ...

An even number N for which N=0 (mod 4). The first few positive doubly even numbers are 4, 8, 12, 16, ... (OEIS A008586).

The edge multiplicity of a given end vertex in a multigraph is the number of multiple edges sharing that end vertex. The maximum edge multiplicity in such a graph is known as ...

A proof which can be accomplished using only real numbers (i.e., real analysis instead of complex analysis; Hoffman 1998, pp. 92-93).

An equation is a mathematical expression stating that two or more quantities are the same as one another, also called an equality, formula, or identity.

The number of alternating permutations for n elements is sometimes called an Euler zigzag number. Denote the number of alternating permutations on n elements for which the ...