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A skewed distribution which is similar to the binomial distribution when p!=q (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 930). y=k(t+A)^(A^2-1)e^(-At), (1) for t in [0,infty) where A = ...

A perfect ruler also called a complete ruler, is type of ruler considered by Guy (1994) which has k distinct marks spaced such that the distances between marks can be used to ...

A general set of methods for integrating ordinary differential equations. Predictor-corrector methods proceed by extrapolating a polynomial fit to the derivative from the ...

A mathematical problem, usually not requiring advanced mathematics, to which a solution is desired. Puzzles frequently require the rearrangement of existing pieces (e.g., 15 ...

A Gaussian quadrature-like formula for numerical estimation of integrals. It requires m+1 points and fits all polynomials to degree 2m, so it effectively fits exactly all ...

The real part R[z] of a complex number z=x+iy is the real number not multiplying i, so R[x+iy]=x. In terms of z itself, R[z]=1/2(z+z^_), where z^_ is the complex conjugate of ...

The differential equation where alpha+alpha^'+beta+beta^'+gamma+gamma^'=1, first obtained in the form by Papperitz (1885; Barnes 1908). Solutions are Riemann P-series ...

The solutions to the Riemann P-differential equation are known as the Riemann P-series, or sometimes the Riemann P-function, given by u(z)=P{a b c; alpha beta gamma; alpha^' ...

Suppose f(x) is a function of x that is twice differentiable at a stationary point x_0. 1. If f^('')(x_0)>0, then f has a local minimum at x_0. 2. If f^('')(x_0)<0, then f ...

A number of areas of mathematics have the notion of a "dual" which can be applies to objects of that particular area. Whenever an object A has the property that it is equal ...