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A monomial is a product of positive integer powers of a fixed set of variables (possibly) together with a coefficient, e.g., x, 3xy^2, or -2x^2y^3z. A monomial can also be ...

A finite field is a field with a finite field order (i.e., number of elements), also called a Galois field. The order of a finite field is always a prime or a power of a ...

The factorial n! is defined for a positive integer n as n!=n(n-1)...2·1. (1) So, for example, 4!=4·3·2·1=24. An older notation for the factorial was written (Mellin 1909; ...

The prime number theorem gives an asymptotic form for the prime counting function pi(n), which counts the number of primes less than some integer n. Legendre (1808) suggested ...

There are several definitions of "almost Hamiltonian" in use. As defined by Punnim et al. (2007), an almost Hamiltonian graph is a graph on n nodes having Hamiltonian number ...

The circumradius of a cyclic polygon is a radius of the circle inside which the polygon can be inscribed. Similarly, the circumradius of a polyhedron is the radius of a ...

For a bivariate normal distribution, the distribution of correlation coefficients is given by P(r) = (1) = (2) = (3) where rho is the population correlation coefficient, ...

The Dirichlet beta function is defined by the sum beta(x) = sum_(n=0)^(infty)(-1)^n(2n+1)^(-x) (1) = 2^(-x)Phi(-1,x,1/2), (2) where Phi(z,s,a) is the Lerch transcendent. The ...

Let the elliptic modulus k satisfy 0<k^2<1, and the Jacobi amplitude be given by phi=amu with -pi/2<phi<pi/2. The incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind is then ...

Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, also called the Gram-Schmidt process, is a procedure which takes a nonorthogonal set of linearly independent functions and constructs an ...