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Let E(k) and K(k) be complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kinds, with E^'(k) and K^'(k) the complementary integrals. Then ...

The level set of a differentiable function f:R^n->R corresponding to a real value c is the set of points {(x_1,...,x_n) in R^n:f(x_1,...,x_n)=c}. For example, the level set ...

A longimeter is a transparent sheet of plastic with a regular grid of lines inclined at an angle of 30 degrees to the sides of the sheet. By counting the number of squares ...

The Maltese cross is a symbol identified with the Christian warrior whose outward points form an octagon (left figure). Another class of cross sometimes (incorrectly) known ...

Given n matches (i.e., rigid unit line segments), find the number of topologically distinct planar arrangements which can be made (Gardner 1991). In this problem, two matches ...

Maximum likelihood, also called the maximum likelihood method, is the procedure of finding the value of one or more parameters for a given statistic which makes the known ...

Tiling of a Möbius strip can be performed immediately by carrying over a tiling of a rectangle with the same two-sided surface area. However, additional tilings are possible ...

Möbius tetrahedra, also called Möbius tetrads (Baker 1922, pp. 61-62) are a pair of tetrahedra, each of which has all the vertices lying on the faces of the other: in other ...

A square-shaped neighborhood that can be used to define a set of cells surrounding a given cell (x_0,y_0) that may affect the evolution of a two-dimensional cellular ...

There are several results known as the Morgado identity. The first is (1) where F_n is a Fibonacci number and L_n is a Lucas number (Morgado 1987, Dujella 1995). A second ...