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A lozenge (or rhombus) algorithm is a class of transformation that can be used to attempt to produce series convergence improvement (Hamming 1986, p. 207). The best-known ...

A map is a way of associating unique objects to every element in a given set. So a map f:A|->B from A to B is a function f such that for every a in A, there is a unique ...

A map projection given by the following transformation, x = lambda-lambda_0 (1) y = 5/4ln[tan(1/4pi+2/5phi)] (2) = 5/4sinh^(-1)[tan(4/5phi)]. (3) Here, x and y are the plane ...

In a set X equipped with a binary operation · called a product, the multiplicative identity is an element e such that e·x=x·e=x for all x in X. It can be, for example, the ...

A normal distribution in a variate X with mean mu and variance sigma^2 is a statistic distribution with probability density function ...

Let H be a subgroup of a group G. The similarity transformation of H by a fixed element x in G not in H always gives a subgroup. If xHx^(-1)=H for every element x in G, then ...

In elementary geometry, orthogonal is the same as perpendicular. Two lines or curves are orthogonal if they are perpendicular at their point of intersection. Two vectors v ...

A projection of a figure by parallel rays. In such a projection, tangencies are preserved. Parallel lines project to parallel lines. The ratio of lengths of parallel segments ...

A subset {v_1,...,v_k} of a vector space V, with the inner product <,>, is called orthogonal if <v_i,v_j>=0 when i!=j. That is, the vectors are mutually perpendicular. Note ...

For the rational curve of an unperturbed system with rotation number r/s under a map T (for which every point is a fixed point of T^s), only an even number of fixed points ...