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Let x be a real number, and let R be the set of positive real numbers mu for which 0<|x-p/q|<1/(q^mu) (1) has (at most) finitely many solutions p/q for p and q integers. Then ...

The tangent function is defined by tanx=(sinx)/(cosx), (1) where sinx is the sine function and cosx is the cosine function. The notation tgx is sometimes also used ...

The term Mandelbrot set is used to refer both to a general class of fractal sets and to a particular instance of such a set. In general, a Mandelbrot set marks the set of ...

A general n-gonal antiprism is a polyhedron consisting of identical top and bottom n-gonal faces whose periphery is bounded by a band of 2n triangles with alternating up-down ...

The second knot polynomial discovered. Unlike the first-discovered Alexander polynomial, the Jones polynomial can sometimes distinguish handedness (as can its more powerful ...

Three circles packed inside a triangle such that each is tangent to the other two and to two sides of the triangle are known as Malfatti circles. The Malfatti configuration ...

The smallest number of times u(K) a knot K must be passed through itself to untie it. Lower bounds can be computed using relatively straightforward techniques, but it is in ...

The dodecahedral graph is the Platonic graph corresponding to the connectivity of the vertices of a dodecahedron, illustrated above in four embeddings. The left embedding ...

A definite integral is an integral int_a^bf(x)dx (1) with upper and lower limits. If x is restricted to lie on the real line, the definite integral is known as a Riemann ...

The divisor function sigma_k(n) for n an integer is defined as the sum of the kth powers of the (positive integer) divisors of n, sigma_k(n)=sum_(d|n)d^k. (1) It is ...