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Suppose f(x) is a function of x that is twice differentiable at a stationary point x_0. 1. If f^('')(x_0)>0, then f has a local minimum at x_0. 2. If f^('')(x_0)<0, then f ...

The spherical curve obtained when moving along the surface of a sphere with constant speed, while maintaining a constant angular velocity with respect to a fixed diameter ...

A self-dual graphs is a graph that is dual to itself. Wheel graphs are self-dual, as are the examples illustrated above. Naturally, the skeleton of a self-dual polyhedron is ...

A Lie algebra over a field of characteristic zero is called semisimple if its Killing form is nondegenerate. The following properties can be proved equivalent for a ...

The term "range" has two completely different meanings in statistics. Given order statistics Y_1=min_(j)X_j, Y_2, ..., Y_(N-1), Y_N=max_(j)X_j, the range of the random sample ...

There are at least two distinct notions known as the Whitehead group. Given an associative ring A with unit, the Whitehead group associated to A is the commutative quotient ...

An n-tuple, sometimes simply called a "tuple" when the number n is known implicitly, is another word for a list, i.e., an ordered set of n elements. It can be interpreted as ...

The combining of two or more quantities using the plus operator. The individual numbers being combined are called addends, and the total is called the sum. The first of ...

An almost perfect number, also known as a least deficient or slightly defective (Singh 1997) number, is a positive integer n for which the divisor function satisfies ...

A plane tiling is said to be isohedral if the symmetry group of the tiling acts transitively on the tiles, and n-isohedral if the tiles fall into n orbits under the action of ...