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Gradshteyn and Ryzhik (2000) define the circulant determinant by (1) where omega_j is the nth root of unity. The second-order circulant determinant is |x_1 x_2; x_2 ...

Clean tile is a game investigated by Buffon (1777) in which players bet on the number of different tiles a thrown coin will partially cover on a floor that is regularly ...

The division of two complex numbers can be accomplished by multiplying the numerator and denominator by the complex conjugate of the denominator, for example, with z_1=a+bi ...

An equation of the form f(x)=b (mod m), (1) where the values of 0<=x<m for which the equation holds are sought. Such an equation may have none, one, or many solutions. There ...

Exponential decay is the decrease in a quantity N according to the law N(t)=N_0e^(-lambdat) (1) for a parameter t and constant lambda (known as the decay constant), where e^x ...

The term faltung is variously used to mean convolution and a function of bilinear forms. Let A and B be bilinear forms A = A(x,y)=sumsuma_(ij)x_iy_i (1) B = ...

If x is a regular patch on a regular surface in R^3 with normal N^^, then x_(uu) = Gamma_(11)^1x_u+Gamma_(11)^2x_v+eN^^ (1) x_(uv) = Gamma_(12)^1x_u+Gamma_(12)^2x_v+fN^^ (2) ...

Let Y_n denote the graph with vertex set V(X_n), where X_n is the n-hypercube and two vertices are adjacent in Y_n iff they are at distance 1<=d<=2 in X_n. Y_n is not ...

The incentral circle is the circumcircle of the incentral triangle. It has radius R_I=(sqrt(abcf(a,b,c)f(b,c,a)f(c,a,b)))/(8Delta(a+b)(a+c)(b+c)), (1) where Delta is the area ...

A Fredholm integral equation of the second kind phi(x)=f(x)+lambdaint_a^bK(x,t)phi(t)dt (1) may be solved as follows. Take phi_0(x) = f(x) (2) phi_1(x) = ...