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Let G be a group having normal subgroups H and K with H subset= K. Then K/H⊴G/H and (G/H)/(K/H)=G/K, where N⊴G indicates that N is a normal subgroup of G and G=H indicates ...

A program initiated by F. Klein in an 1872 lecture to describe geometric structures in terms of their automorphism groups.

A function is said to be modular (or "elliptic modular") if it satisfies: 1. f is meromorphic in the upper half-plane H, 2. f(Atau)=f(tau) for every matrix A in the modular ...

The set of left cosets of a subgroup H of a topological group G forms a topological space. Its topology is defined by the quotient topology from pi:G->G/H. Namely, the open ...

The amazing polynomial identity communicated by Euler in a letter to Goldbach on April 12, 1749 (incorrectly given as April 15, 1705--before Euler was born--in Conway and Guy ...

The group of an elliptic curve which has been transformed to the form y^2=x^3+ax+b is the set of K-rational points, including the single point at infinity. The group law ...

The finite simple groups of Lie-type. They include four families of linear simple groups: PSL(n,q) (the projective special linear group), PSU(n,q) (the projective special ...

The smallest positive composite number and the first even perfect square. Four is the smallest even number appearing in a Pythagorean triple: 3, 4, 5. In the numerology of ...

Gauge theory studies principal bundle connections, called gauge fields, on a principal bundle. These connections correspond to fields, in physics, such as an electromagnetic ...

The Janko groups are the four sporadic groups J_1, J_2, J_3 and J_4. The Janko group J_2 is also known as the Hall-Janko group. The Janko groups are implemented in the ...