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The edge chromatic number, sometimes also called the chromatic index, of a graph G is fewest number of colors necessary to color each edge of G such that no two edges ...

In physics, the word entropy has important physical implications as the amount of "disorder" of a system. In mathematics, a more abstract definition is used. The (Shannon) ...

Given a triangle, extend two sides in the direction opposite their common vertex. The circle tangent to these two lines and to the other side of the triangle is called an ...

The point F at which the incircle and nine-point circle are tangent. It has triangle center function alpha=1-cos(B-C) (1) and is Kimberling center X_(11). If F is the ...

A field is any set of elements that satisfies the field axioms for both addition and multiplication and is a commutative division algebra. An archaic name for a field is ...

A set X whose elements can be numbered through from 1 to n, for some positive integer n. The number n is called the cardinal number of the set, and is often denoted |X| or ...

A subset E of a topological space S is said to be of first category in S if E can be written as the countable union of subsets which are nowhere dense in S, i.e., if E is ...

Steiner gave and Droz-Farny (1901) proved that if equal circles are drawn about the vertices of a triangle (dashed circles in the above figure), they cut the lines joining ...

Given a system of ordinary differential equations of the form d/(dt)[x; y; v_x; v_y]=-[0 0 -1 0; 0 0 0 -1; Phi_(xx)(t) Phi_(yx)(t) 0 0; Phi_(xy)(t) Phi_(yy)(t) 0 0][x; y; ...

Let two players each have a finite number of pennies (say, n_1 for player one and n_2 for player two). Now, flip one of the pennies (from either player), with each player ...