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A collection of moves together with a corresponding set of weights which are followed probabilistically in the playing of a game. The minimax theorem of game theory states ...

The series which arises in the binomial theorem for negative integer -n, (x+a)^(-n) = sum_(k=0)^(infty)(-n; k)x^ka^(-n-k) (1) = sum_(k=0)^(infty)(-1)^k(n+k-1; k)x^ka^(-n-k) ...

Let the residue from Pépin's theorem be R_n=3^((F_n-1)/2) (mod F_n), where F_n is a Fermat number. Selfridge and Hurwitz use R_n (mod 2^(35)-1,2^(36),2^(36)-1). A ...

The lines joining the vertices of a tetrahedron to the centroids of the opposite faces are called medians. Commandino's theorem states that the four medians of a tetrahedron ...

The figure formed when the midpoints of adjacent sides of a quadrilateral are joined. Varignon's theorem demonstrated that this figure is a parallelogram. The center of the ...

Martin Gardner (1975) played an April Fool's joke by asserting that the map of 110 regions illustrated above (left figure) required five colors and constitutes a ...

The algebraic connectivity of a graph is the numerically second smallest eigenvalue (counting multiple eigenvalues separately) of the Laplacian matrix of a graph G. In other ...

The circumnormal triangle is an equilateral triangle with vertices on the circumcircle of a reference triangle DeltaABC obtained by rotating the circumtangential triangle by ...

The Laplacian spectral radius of a finite graph is defined as the largest value of its Laplacian spectrum, i.e., the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix (Lin et al. ...

If g is a Lie algebra, then a subspace a of g is said to be a Lie subalgebra if it is closed under the Lie bracket. That is, a is a Lie subalgebra of g if for all x,y in a, ...