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The distribution of a product of two normally distributed variates X and Y with zero means and variances sigma_x^2 and sigma_y^2 is given by P_(XY)(u) = ...

The specification of a curve, surface, etc., by means of one or more variables which are allowed to take on values in a given specified range.

If del xF=0 (i.e., F(x) is an irrotational field) in a simply connected neighborhood U(x) of a point x, then in this neighborhood, F is the gradient of a scalar field phi(x), ...

A proper factor of a positive integer n is a factor of n other than 1 or n (Derbyshire 2004, p. 32). For example, 2 and 3 are positive proper factors of 6, but 1 and 6 are ...

Two figures are homothetic if they are related by a dilation (a dilation is also known as a homothecy). This means that the connectors of corresponding points are concurrent ...

A map phi:M->M where M is a manifold is C^r structurally stable if any C^r perturbation is topologically conjugate to phi. Here, C^r perturbation means a function psi such ...

A quantity displayed above the normal line of text (and generally in a smaller point size), as the "i" in x^i, is called a superscript. Superscripts are commonly used to ...

A function f is topologically transitive if, given any two intervals U and V, there is some positive integer k such that f^k(U) intersection V!=emptyset. Vaguely, this means ...

A square with side lengths 1. The unit square usually means the one with coordinates (0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1) in the real plane, or 0, 1, 1+i, and i in the complex ...

Vorobiev's theorem states that if F_l^2|F_k, then F_l|k, where F_n is a Fibonacci number and a|b means a divides b. The theorem was discovered by Vorobiev in 1942, but not ...