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A set of four points, one of which is the orthocenter of the other three. In an orthocentric system, each point is the orthocenter of the triangle of the other three, as ...

A subset {v_1,...,v_k} of a vector space V, with the inner product <,>, is called orthonormal if <v_i,v_j>=0 when i!=j. That is, the vectors are mutually perpendicular. ...

One of the symbols ( or ) used to denote grouping. Parentheses have a great many specialized meanings in mathematics. A few of these are described below. 1. Parentheses are ...

A point is a 0-dimensional mathematical object which can be specified in n-dimensional space using an n-tuple (x_1, x_2, ..., x_n) consisting of n coordinates. In dimensions ...

A point process is a probabilistic model for random scatterings of points on some space X often assumed to be a subset of R^d for some d. Oftentimes, point processes describe ...

The numbers of positive definite n×n matrices of given types are summarized in the following table. For example, the three positive eigenvalues 2×2 (0,1)-matrices are [1 0; 0 ...

A prime ideal is an ideal I such that if ab in I, then either a in I or b in I. For example, in the integers, the ideal a=<p> (i.e., the multiples of p) is prime whenever p ...

A primefree sequence is sequence whose terms are never prime. Graham (1964) proved that there exist relatively prime positive integers a and b such that the recurrence ...

For some authors (e.g., Bourbaki, 1964), the same as principal ideal domain. Most authors, however, do not require the ring to be an integral domain, and define a principal ...

A problem in game theory first discussed by A. Tucker. Suppose each of two prisoners A and B, who are not allowed to communicate with each other, is offered to be set free if ...