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The study of map projections and the making of geographical maps.

The underlying set of the fundamental group of X is the set of based homotopy classes from the circle to X, denoted [S^1,X]. For general spaces X and Y, there is no natural ...

Two open manifolds M and M^' are cobordant if there exists a manifold with boundary W^(n+1) such that an acceptable restrictive relationship holds.

A surface which has no edges.

A plot of the map winding number W resulting from mode locking as a function of Omega for the circle map theta_(n+1)=theta_n+Omega-K/(2pi)sin(2pitheta_n) (1) with K=1. (Since ...

Let the divisor function d(n) be the number of divisors of n (including n itself). For a prime p, d(p)=2. In general, sum_(k=1)^nd(k)=nlnn+(2gamma-1)n+O(n^theta), where gamma ...

The path traced out by a point P on the edge of a circle of radius b rolling on the outside of a circle of radius a. An epicycloid is therefore an epitrochoid with h=b. ...

An area-preserving affine transformation. Equiaffinities include the crossed hyperbolic rotation, elliptic rotation, hyperbolic rotation, and parabolic rotation.

The radius of the smallest circle centered at one of the points of an N-cluster, which contains all the points in the N-cluster.

A 100-sided polygon, virtually indistinguishable in appearance from a circle except at very high magnification.