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A proof which can be accomplished using only real numbers (i.e., real analysis instead of complex analysis; Hoffman 1998, pp. 92-93).

An equation is a mathematical expression stating that two or more quantities are the same as one another, also called an equality, formula, or identity.

An Euler pseudoprime to the base b is a composite number n which satisfies b^((n-1)/2)=+/-1 (mod n). The first few base-2 Euler pseudoprimes are 341, 561, 1105, 1729, 1905, ...

The number of alternating permutations for n elements is sometimes called an Euler zigzag number. Denote the number of alternating permutations on n elements for which the ...

Define G(a,n)=1/aint_0^infty[1-e^(aEi(-t))sum_(k=0)^(n-1)((-a)^k[Ei(-t)]^k)/(k!)]. Then the Flajolet-Odlyzko constant is defined as G(1/2,1)=0.757823011268... (OEIS A143297).

_2F_1(-1/2,-1/2;1;h^2) = sum_(n=0)^(infty)(1/2; n)^2h^(2n) (1) = 1+1/4h^2+1/(64)h^4+1/(256)h^6+... (2) (OEIS A056981 and A056982), where _2F_1(a,b;c;x) is a hypergeometric ...

The standard Gauss measure of a finite dimensional real Hilbert space H with norm ||·||_H has the Borel measure mu_H(dh)=(sqrt(2pi))^(-dim(H))exp(1/2||h||_H^2)lambda_H(dh), ...

Gieseking's constant is defined by G = int_0^(2pi/3)ln(2cos(1/2x))dx (1) = Cl_2(1/3pi) (2) = (3sqrt(3))/4[1-sum_(k=0)^(infty)1/((3k+2)^2)+sum_(k=1)^(infty)1/((3k+1)^2)] (3) = ...

The Goh-Schmutz constant is defined by the integrals C = int_0^infty(ln(1+t))/(e^t-1)dt (1) = int_0^inftyln[1-ln(1-e^(-t))]dt (2) = ...

The golden ratio conjugate, also called the silver ratio, is the quantity Phi = 1/phi (1) = phi-1 (2) = 2/(1+sqrt(5)) (3) = (sqrt(5)-1)/2 (4) = 0.6180339887... (5) (OEIS ...