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A (2n)×(2n) complex matrix A in C^(2n×2n) is said to be Hamiltonian if J_nA=(J_nA)^(H), (1) where J_n in R^(2n×2n) is the matrix of the form J_n=[0 I_n; I_n 0], (2) I_n is ...

A matrix A for which A^(H)=A^(T)^_=A, where the conjugate transpose is denoted A^(H), A^(T) is the transpose, and z^_ is the complex conjugate. If a matrix is self-adjoint, ...

The eigenvalues of a matrix A are called its spectrum, and are denoted lambda(A). If lambda(A)={lambda_1,...,lambda_n}, then the determinant of A is given by ...

Given 2n-1 numbers a_k, where k=-n+1, ..., -1, 0, 1, ..., n-1, a Toeplitz matrix is a matrix which has constant values along negative-sloping diagonals, i.e., a matrix of the ...

Given a square complex or real matrix A, a matrix norm ||A|| is a nonnegative number associated with A having the properties 1. ||A||>0 when A!=0 and ||A||=0 iff A=0, 2. ...

A square matrix is called Hermitian if it is self-adjoint. Therefore, a Hermitian matrix A=(a_(ij)) is defined as one for which A=A^(H), (1) where A^(H) denotes the conjugate ...

The (n+1)×(n+1) tridiagonal matrix (also called the Clement matrix) defined by S_n=[0 n 0 0 ... 0; 1 0 n-1 0 ... 0; 0 2 0 n-2 ... 0; | | ... ... ... |; 0 0 0 n-1 0 1; 0 0 0 0 ...

A (-1,1)-matrix is a matrix whose elements consist only of the numbers -1 or 1. For an n×n (-1,1)-matrix, the largest possible determinants (Hadamard's maximum determinant ...

Given a Seifert form f(x,y), choose a basis e_1, ..., e_(2g) for H_1(M^^) as a Z-module so every element is uniquely expressible as n_1e_1+...+n_(2g)e_(2g) (1) with n_i ...

Given n sets of variates denoted {X_1}, ..., {X_n} , the first-order covariance matrix is defined by V_(ij)=cov(x_i,x_j)=<(x_i-mu_i)(x_j-mu_j)>, where mu_i is the mean. ...