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If f(x) is an odd function, then a_n=0 and the Fourier series collapses to f(x)=sum_(n=1)^inftyb_nsin(nx), (1) where b_n = 1/piint_(-pi)^pif(x)sin(nx)dx (2) = ...

Define the abundancy Sigma(n) of a positive integer n as Sigma(n)=(sigma(n))/n, (1) where sigma(n) is the divisor function. Then a pair of distinct numbers (k,m) is a ...

An integer d is a fundamental discriminant if it is not equal to 1, not divisible by any square of any odd prime, and satisfies d=1 (mod 4) or d=8,12 (mod 16). The function ...

Gabriel's horn, also called Torricelli's trumpet, is the surface of revolution of the function y=1/x about the x-axis for x>=1. It is therefore given by parametric equations ...

The Gallatly circle is the circle with center at the Brocard midpoint X_(39) and radius R_G = Rsinomega (1) = (abc)/(2sqrt(a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2)), (2) where R is the ...

A gamma distribution is a general type of statistical distribution that is related to the beta distribution and arises naturally in processes for which the waiting times ...

A genetic algorithm is a class of adaptive stochastic optimization algorithms involving search and optimization. Genetic algorithms were first used by Holland (1975). The ...

A number given by the generating function (2t)/(e^t+1)=sum_(n=1)^inftyG_n(t^n)/(n!). (1) It satisfies G_1=1, G_3=G_5=G_7=...=0, and even coefficients are given by G_(2n) = ...

Gibrat's distribution is a continuous distribution in which the logarithm of a variable x has a normal distribution, P(x)=1/(xsqrt(2pi))e^(-(lnx)^2/2), (1) defined over the ...

The identity PVint_(-infty)^inftyF(phi(x))dx=PVint_(-infty)^inftyF(x)dx (1) holds for any integrable function F(x) and phi(x) of the form ...