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An unknot which can only be unknotted by first increasing the number of crossings.

The co-rank of a graph G is defined as s(G)=m-n+c, where m is the number of edges of G, n is the number of vertices, and c is the number of connected components (Biggs 1993, ...

The number of nodes in a graph is called its order.

The operation of taking an nth root of a number.

The word polytope is used to mean a number of related, but slightly different mathematical objects. A convex polytope may be defined as the convex hull of a finite set of ...

A number of strongly regular graphs of several types derived from combinatorial design were identified by Goethals and Seidel (1970). Theorem 2.4 of Goethals and Seidel ...

A technical mathematical object defined in terms of a polynomial ring of n variables over a field k. Syzygies occur in tensors at rank 5, 7, 8, and all higher ranks, and play ...

1. Zero is a number. 2. If a is a number, the successor of a is a number. 3. zero is not the successor of a number. 4. Two numbers of which the successors are equal are ...

The term "cylinder" has a number of related meanings. In its most general usage, the word "cylinder" refers to a solid bounded by a closed generalized cylinder (a.k.a. ...

Consider a Boolean algebra of subsets b(A) generated by a set A, which is the set of subsets of A that can be obtained by means of a finite number of the set operations ...