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Two sets A and B are said to be independent if their intersection A intersection B=emptyset, where emptyset is the empty set. For example, {A,B,C} and {D,E} are independent, ...

The shortest path-spanning tree from a graph vertex of a graph.

A tree G^' whose graph vertices and graph edges form subsets of the graph vertices and graph edges of a given tree G.

A graph vertex in a graph is said to be an odd node if its vertex degree is odd.

An integral embedding of a graph, not to be confused with an integral graph, is a graph drawn such that vertices are distinct points and all graph edges have integer lengths. ...

A point v is a central point of a graph if the eccentricity of the point equals the graph radius. The set of all central points is called the graph center.

The Hajós number h(G) of a graph G is the maximum k such that G contains a subdivision of the complete graph K_k.

Let graph G have p points v_i and graph H have p points u_i, where p>=3. Then if for each i, the subgraphs G_i=G-v_i and H_i=H-u_i are isomorphic, then the graphs G and H are ...

A generalized quadrangle is a generalized polygon of order 4. An order-(s,t) generalized quadrangle contains s+1 points in each line and has t+1 lines through every point, ...

A set of circuits going along the graph edges of a graph, each with an even number of graph edges, such that just one of the circuits passes through each graph vertex (Ball ...