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Let F(n,sigma) denote the number of permutations on the symmetric group S_n which avoid sigma in S_k as a subpattern, where "tau contains sigma as a subpattern" is ...

A general prism is a polyhedron possessing two congruent polygonal faces and with all remaining faces parallelograms (Kern and Bland 1948, p. 28; left figure). A right prism ...

A curve of constant width constructed by drawing arcs from each polygon vertex of an equilateral triangle between the other two vertices. The Reuleaux triangle has the ...

A riffle shuffle, also called the Faro shuffle, is a shuffle in which a deck of 2n cards is divided into two halves. The top half of the deck is placed in the left hand, and ...

Roman numerals are a system of numerical notations used by the Romans. They are an additive (and subtractive) system in which letters are used to denote certain "base" ...

A self-avoiding walk is a path from one point to another which never intersects itself. Such paths are usually considered to occur on lattices, so that steps are only allowed ...

A regular graph that is edge-transitive but not vertex-transitive is called a semisymmetric graph (Marušič and Potočnik 2001). In contrast, any graph that is both ...

A figurate number of the form P_n^((4))=1/6n(n+1)(2n+1), (1) corresponding to a configuration of points which form a square pyramid, is called a square pyramidal number (or ...

A symmetric graph is a graph that is both edge- and vertex-transitive (Holton and Sheehan 1993, p. 209). However, care must be taken with this definition since arc-transitive ...

Szemerédi's theorem states that every sequence of integers that has positive upper Banach density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. A corollary states that, ...