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Let a be the angle between v and x, b the angle between v and y, and c the angle between v and z. Then the direction cosines are equivalent to the (x,y,z) coordinates of a ...

A statement is in disjunctive normal form if it is a disjunction (sequence of ORs) consisting of one or more disjuncts, each of which is a conjunction (AND) of one or more ...

Division by zero is the operation of taking the quotient of any number x and 0, i.e., x/0. The uniqueness of division breaks down when dividing by zero, since the product ...

A (general) dodecahedron is a polyhedron having 12 faces. Examples include the Bilinski dodecahedron, decagonal prism, elongated square dipyramid (Johnson solid J_(15)), ...

A cone with elliptical cross section. The parametric equations for an elliptic cone of height h, semimajor axis a, and semiminor axis b are x = a(h-u)/hcosv (1) y = ...

The first singular value k_1 of the elliptic integral of the first kind K(k), corresponding to K^'(k_1)=K(k_1), (1) is given by k_1 = 1/(sqrt(2)) (2) k_1^' = 1/(sqrt(2)). (3) ...

The Engel polyhedra are two 38-faced plesiohedra (and hence space-filling) discovered by Engel (Engel 1981; Engel 1986, p. 220; Grünbaum and Shephard 1980; Senechal 1990, ...

An Euler-Jacobi pseudoprime to a base a is an odd composite number n such that (a,n)=1 and the Jacobi symbol (a/n) satisfies (a/n)=a^((n-1)/2) (mod n) (Guy 1994; but note ...

Define I_n=(-1)^nint_0^infty(lnz)^ne^(-z)dz, (1) then I_n=(-1)^nGamma^((n))(1), (2) where Gamma^((n))(z) is the nth derivative of the gamma function. Particular values ...

An implicit method for solving an ordinary differential equation that uses f(x_n,y_n) in y_(n+1). In the case of a heat equation, for example, this means that a linear system ...