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An inequality is strict if replacing any "less than" and "greater than" signs with equal signs never gives a true expression. For example, a<=b is not strict, whereas a<b is.

cos(pi/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30+6sqrt(5))+sqrt(5)-1) (1) cos((2pi)/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30-6sqrt(5))+sqrt(5)+1) (2) cos((4pi)/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30+6sqrt(5))-sqrt(5)+1) (3) ...

cos(pi/(16)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2+sqrt(2))) (1) cos((3pi)/(16)) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2-sqrt(2))) (2) cos((5pi)/(16)) = 1/2sqrt(2-sqrt(2-sqrt(2))) (3) cos((7pi)/(16)) = ...

Values of the trigonometric functions can be expressed exactly for integer multiples of pi/20. For cosx, cos(pi/(20)) = 1/4sqrt(8+2sqrt(10+2sqrt(5))) (1) cos((3pi)/(20)) = ...

cos(pi/8) = 1/2sqrt(2+sqrt(2)) (1) cos((3pi)/8) = 1/2sqrt(2-sqrt(2)) (2) cot(pi/8) = 1+sqrt(2) (3) cot((3pi)/8) = sqrt(2)-1 (4) csc(pi/8) = sqrt(4+2sqrt(2)) (5) csc((3pi)/8) ...

The upper-trimmed subsequence of x={x_n} is the sequence lambda(x) obtained by dropping the first occurrence of n for each n. If x is a fractal sequence, then lambda(x)=x.

The point or points to which the extensions of parallel lines appear to converge in a perspective drawing.

Let theta be the angle between two vectors. If 0<theta<pi, the vectors are positively oriented. If pi<theta<2pi, the vectors are negatively oriented. Two vectors in the plane ...

A curious approximation to the Feigenbaum constant delta is given by pi+tan^(-1)(e^pi)=4.669201932..., (1) where e^pi is Gelfond's constant, which is good to 6 digits to the ...

A finite simple connected graph G is quadratically embeddable if its quadratic embedding constant QEC(G) is nonpositive, i.e., QEC(G)<=0. A graph being quadratically ...