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Linkages are linked (or constrained) mechanical structures such as those used in robots, excavators, engines, etc. They are also extensively used for character animation in ...

The problem of finding the strategy to guarantee reaching the boundary of a given region ("forest") in the shortest distance (i.e., a strategy having the best worst-case ...

A method for computing the prime counting function. Define the function T_k(x,a)=(-1)^(beta_0+beta_1+...+beta_(a-1))|_x/(p_1^(beta_0)p_2^(beta_1)...p_a^(beta_(a-1)))_|, (1) ...

Maximum likelihood, also called the maximum likelihood method, is the procedure of finding the value of one or more parameters for a given statistic which makes the known ...

Call a graph vertex m(a,b,c) a median of a graph G if it lies on all shortest paths between each pair of vertices (a,b), (b,a), and (c,a) in G. A median graph is then defined ...

For a triangle DeltaABC and three points A^', B^', and C^', one on each of its sides, the three Miquel circles are the circles passing through each polygon vertex and its ...

Let a module M in an integral domain D_1 for R(sqrt(D)) be expressed using a two-element basis as M=[xi_1,xi_2], where xi_1 and xi_2 are in D_1. Then the different of the ...

In order to integrate a function over a complicated domain D, Monte Carlo integration picks random points over some simple domain D^' which is a superset of D, checks whether ...

The natural projection, also called the homomorphism, is a logical way of mapping an algebraic structure onto its quotient structures. The natural projection pi is defined ...

Call a number of the form n^2-k a "near-square number." Numbers of the form n^2-5 for n=1, 2, ... are -4, -1, 4, 11, 20, 31, 44, 59, 76, 95, ... (OEIS A028875). These are ...