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Two nonisomorphic graphs can share the same graph spectrum, i.e., have the same eigenvalues of their adjacency matrices. Such graphs are called cospectral. For example, the ...

Pick three points P=(x_1,y_1), Q=(x_2,y_2), and R=(x_3,y_3) distributed independently and uniformly in a unit disk K (i.e., in the interior of the unit circle). Then the ...

Every semisimple Lie algebra g is classified by its Dynkin diagram. A Dynkin diagram is a graph with a few different kinds of possible edges. The connected components of the ...

There are essentially three types of Fisher-Tippett extreme value distributions. The most common is the type I distribution, which are sometimes referred to as Gumbel types ...

A Ferrers diagram represents partitions as patterns of dots, with the nth row having the same number of dots as the nth term in the partition. The spelling "Ferrars" (Skiena ...

A figurate number, also (but mostly in texts from the 1500 and 1600s) known as a figural number (Simpson and Weiner 1992, p. 587), is a number that can be represented by a ...

A prime p for which 1/p has a maximal period decimal expansion of p-1 digits. Full reptend primes are sometimes also called long primes (Conway and Guy 1996, pp. 157-163 and ...

A Gaussian integer is a complex number a+bi where a and b are integers. The Gaussian integers are members of the imaginary quadratic field Q(sqrt(-1)) and form a ring often ...

In continuum percolation theory, the so-called germ-grain model is an obvious generalization of both the Boolean and Boolean-Poisson models which is driven by an arbitrary ...

Given any tree T having v vertices of vertex degrees of 1 and 3 only, form an n-expansion by taking n disjoint copies of T and joining corresponding leaves by an n-cycle ...