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A special case of the quadratic Diophantine equation having the form x^2-Dy^2=1, (1) where D>0 is a nonsquare natural number (Dickson 2005). The equation x^2-Dy^2=+/-4 (2) ...

A general n-gonal antiprism is a polyhedron consisting of identical top and bottom n-gonal faces whose periphery is bounded by a band of 2n triangles with alternating up-down ...

The chromatic number of a graph G is the smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices of G so that no two adjacent vertices share the same color (Skiena 1990, p. ...

erf(z) is the "error function" encountered in integrating the normal distribution (which is a normalized form of the Gaussian function). It is an entire function defined by ...

An n-step Fibonacci sequence {F_k^((n))}_(k=1)^infty is defined by letting F_k^((n))=0 for k<=0, F_1^((n))=F_2^((n))=1, and other terms according to the linear recurrence ...

Let K be a number field with r_1 real embeddings and 2r_2 imaginary embeddings and let r=r_1+r_2-1. Then the multiplicative group of units U_K of K has the form ...

The great rhombicuboctahedral graph is the cubic Archimedean graph on 48 nodes and 72 edges that is the skeleton of the great rhombicuboctahedron as well as the great ...

The number of equivalent hyperspheres in n dimensions which can touch an equivalent hypersphere without any intersections, also sometimes called the Newton number, contact ...

There are several functions called "Lommel functions." One type of Lommel function appear in the solution to the Lommel differential equation and are given by ...

Expressions of the form lim_(k->infty)x_0+sqrt(x_1+sqrt(x_2+sqrt(...+x_k))) (1) are called nested radicals. Herschfeld (1935) proved that a nested radical of real nonnegative ...