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As defined by Gray (1997, p. 201), Viviani's curve, sometimes also called Viviani's window, is the space curve giving the intersection of the cylinder of radius a and center ...

The weak law of large numbers (cf. the strong law of large numbers) is a result in probability theory also known as Bernoulli's theorem. Let X_1, ..., X_n be a sequence of ...

The Weierstrass zeta function zeta(z;g_2,g_3) is the quasiperiodic function defined by (dzeta(z;g_2,g_3))/(dz)=-P(z;g_2,g_3), (1) where P(z;g_2,g_3) is the Weierstrass ...

A well-covered graph is a graph for which every minimal vertex cover has the same size, which is equivalent to every maximal independent vertex set being the same size. It is ...

The Whittaker functions arise as solutions to the Whittaker differential equation. The linearly independent solutions to this equation are M_(k,m)(z) = ...

Let a piecewise smooth function f with only finitely many discontinuities (which are all jumps) be defined on [-pi,pi] with Fourier series a_k = 1/piint_(-pi)^pif(t)cos(kt)dt ...

A famous perceptual illusion in which the brain switches between seeing a young girl and an old woman (or "wife" and "mother in law"). An anonymous German postcard from 1888 ...

An xyz embedding, also called an "xyz drawing," is a three-dimensional embedding such that every axis-parallel line contains either zero or two vertices. Such an embedding is ...

An Abelian group is a group for which the elements commute (i.e., AB=BA for all elements A and B). Abelian groups therefore correspond to groups with symmetric multiplication ...

Consecutive number sequences are sequences constructed by concatenating numbers of a given type. Many of these sequences were considered by Smarandache and so are sometimes ...