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Truncation is the removal of portions of solids falling outside a set of symmetrically placed planes. The operation implemented as Truncate[polyhedron, r] in the Wolfram ...

A theorem, also called a unicity theorem, stating the uniqueness of a mathematical object, which usually means that there is only one object fulfilling given properties, or ...

A unit ring is a ring with a multiplicative identity. It is therefore sometimes also known as a "ring with identity." It is given by a set together with two binary operators ...

In machine learning theory, the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension or VC-dimension of a concept class C is the cardinality of the largest set S which can be shattered by C. If ...

Given a topological vector space X and a neighborhood V of 0 in X, the polar K=K(V) of V is defined to be the set K(V)={Lambda in X^*:|Lambdax|<=1 for every x in V} and where ...

A vertex-induced subgraph (sometimes simply called an "induced subgraph") is a subset of the vertices of a graph G together with any edges whose endpoints are both in this ...

A tree to whose nodes and/or edges labels (usually number) are assigned. The word "weight" also has a more specific meaning when applied to trees, namely the weight of a tree ...

The Wronskian of a set of n functions phi_1, phi_2, ... is defined by W(phi_1,...,phi_n)=|phi_1 phi_2 ... phi_n; phi_1^' phi_2^' ... phi_n^'; | | ... |; phi_1^((n-1)) ...

The first and second Zagreb indices for a graph with vertex count n and vertex degrees v_i for i=1, ..., n are defined by Z_1=sum_(i=1)^nv_i^2 and Z_2=sum_((i,j) in ...

A p-adic integer is a p-adic number of the form sum_(k=m)^(infty)a_kp^k, where m>=0, a_k are integers, and p is prime. It is sufficient to take a_k in the set {0,1,...,p-1}. ...