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A map which uses a set of rules to transform elements of a sequence into a new sequence using a set of rules which "translate" from the original sequence to its ...

The Banach-Saks theorem is a result in functional analysis which proves the existence of a "nicely-convergent" subsequence for any sequence {f_n}={f_n}_(n in Z^*) of ...

A recurrence equation (also called a difference equation) is the discrete analog of a differential equation. A difference equation involves an integer function f(n) in a form ...

A Mersenne prime is a Mersenne number, i.e., a number of the form M_n=2^n-1, that is prime. In order for M_n to be prime, n must itself be prime. This is true since for ...

A Pythagorean triple is a triple of positive integers a, b, and c such that a right triangle exists with legs a,b and hypotenuse c. By the Pythagorean theorem, this is ...

First published in Riemann's groundbreaking 1859 paper (Riemann 1859), the Riemann hypothesis is a deep mathematical conjecture which states that the nontrivial Riemann zeta ...

The number of representations of n by k squares, allowing zeros and distinguishing signs and order, is denoted r_k(n). The special case k=2 corresponding to two squares is ...

Consider the sequence defined by w_1=01 and w_(n+1)=w_nw_nw_n^R, where l^R denotes the reverse of a sequence l. The first few terms are then 01, 010110, 010110010110011010, ...

Wolfram (2002, p. 123) considered the sequence related to the Collatz problem obtained by iterating w_n={3/2w_(n-1) for w_(n-1) even; 3/2(w_(n-1)+1) for w_(n-1) odd (1) ...

The constant pi, denoted pi, is a real number defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d=2r, pi = C/d (1) = C/(2r) (2) pi has decimal expansion ...