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A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

A coincidence is a surprising concurrence of events, perceived as meaningfully related, with no apparent causal connection (Diaconis and Mosteller 1989). Given a large number ...

A problem is assigned to the P (polynomial time) class if there exists at least one algorithm to solve that problem, such that the number of steps of the algorithm is bounded ...

A marked point process with mark space E is a double sequence (T,Y)=((T_n)_(n>=1),(Y_n)_(n>=1)) of R^^^+-valued random variables and E^_-valued random variables Y_n defined ...

A problem is assigned to the NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) class if it is solvable in polynomial time by a nondeterministic Turing machine. A P-problem (whose ...

The geometric mean is smaller than the arithmetic mean, (product_(i=1)^Nn_i)^(1/N)<=(sum_(i=1)^(N)n_i)/N, with equality in the cases (1) N=1 or (2) n_i=n_j for all i,j.

The residual is the sum of deviations from a best-fit curve of arbitrary form. R=sum[y_i-f(x_i,a_1,...,a_n)]^2. The residual should not be confused with the correlation ...

The unit of solid angle. The solid angle corresponding to all of space being subtended is 4pi steradians.

For a countable set of n disjoint events E_1, E_2, ..., E_n P( union _(i=1)^nE_i)=sum_(i=1)^nP(E_i).

The study of numbers for the supposed purpose of predicting future events or seeking connections with the occult.