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In accounting, the principal is the original amount borrowed or lent on which interest is then paid or given. The word "principal" is also used in many areas of mathematics ...

When a measure lambda is absolutely continuous with respect to a positive measure mu, then it can be written as lambda(E)=int_Efdmu. By analogy with the first fundamental ...

int_(-infty)^infty(J_(mu+xi)(x))/(x^(mu+xi))(J_(nu-xi)(y))/(y^(nu-xi))e^(itxi)dxi =[(2cos(1/2t))/(x^2e^(-it/2)+y^2e^(it/2))]^((mu+nu)/2) ...

The rectifiable sets include the image of any Lipschitz function f from planar domains into R^3. The full set is obtained by allowing arbitrary measurable subsets of ...

For K a given knot in S^3, choose a Seifert surface M^2 in S^3 for K and a bicollar M^^×[-1,1] in S^3-K. If x in H_1(M^^) is represented by a 1-cycle in M^^, let x^+ denote ...

A seminorm is a function on a vector space V, denoted ||v||, such that the following conditions hold for all v and w in V, and any scalar c. 1. ||v||>=0, 2. ||cv||=|c|||v||, ...

The sum of the absolute squares of the spherical harmonics Y_l^m(theta,phi) over all values of m is sum_(m=-l)^l|Y_l^m(theta,phi)|^2=(2l+1)/(4pi). (1) The double sum over m ...

Stochastic optimization refers to the minimization (or maximization) of a function in the presence of randomness in the optimization process. The randomness may be present as ...

Two integers (m,n) form a super unitary amicable pair if sigma^*(sigma^*(m))=sigma^*(sigma^*(n))=m+n, where sigma^*(n) is the unitary divisor function. The first few pairs ...

A symplectic form on a smooth manifold M is a smooth closed 2-form omega on M which is nondegenerate such that at every point m, the alternating bilinear form omega_m on the ...