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A number n is called k-hyperperfect if n = 1+ksum_(i)d_i (1) = 1+k[sigma(n)-n-1], (2) where sigma(n) is the divisor function and the summation is over the proper divisors ...

Define the "information function" to be I=-sum_(i=1)^NP_i(epsilon)ln[P_i(epsilon)], (1) where P_i(epsilon) is the natural measure, or probability that element i is populated, ...

One of the numbers ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, .... The set of integers forms a ring that is denoted Z. A given integer n may be negative (n in Z^-), nonnegative (n in Z^*), zero ...

There are at least two distinct notions of an intensity function related to the theory of point processes. In some literature, the intensity lambda of a point process N is ...

An interior point method is a linear or nonlinear programming method (Forsgren et al. 2002) that achieves optimization by going through the middle of the solid defined by the ...

Jacobi-Gauss quadrature, also called Jacobi quadrature or Mehler quadrature, is a Gaussian quadrature over the interval [-1,1] with weighting function ...

Define the juggler sequence for a positive integer a_1=n as the sequence of numbers produced by the iteration a_(k+1)={|_a_k^(1/2)_| for even a_k; |_a_k^(3/2)_| for odd a_k, ...

The Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) condition is a kind of boundary-value condition which naturally emerges in quantum statistical mechanics and related areas. Given a quantum ...

In combinatorial logic minimization, a device known as a Karnaugh map is frequently used. It is similar to a truth table, but the various variables are represented along two ...

Let three similar isosceles triangles DeltaA^'BC, DeltaAB^'C, and DeltaABC^' be constructed on the sides of a triangle DeltaABC. Then DeltaABC and DeltaA^'B^'C^' are ...