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In continuum percolation theory, the so-called germ-grain model is an obvious generalization of both the Boolean and Boolean-Poisson models which is driven by an arbitrary ...

The gnomon was an L-shaped movable sundial used for astronomical studies. It operated by resting on one leg so that the other pointed vertically upward. By measuring the ...

Turing machines are defined by sets of rules that operate on four parameters: (state, tape cell color, operation, state). Let the states and tape cell colors be numbered and ...

A root-finding method which was among the most popular methods for finding roots of univariate polynomials in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was invented independently by ...

A path in a graph G is a subgraph of G that is a path graph (West 2000, p. 20). The length of a path is the number of edges it contains. In most contexts, a path must contain ...

For an integer n>=2, let gpf(x) denote the greatest prime factor of n, i.e., the number p_k in the factorization n=p_1^(a_1)...p_k^(a_k), with p_i<p_j for i<j. For n=2, 3, ...

The study of groups. Gauss developed but did not publish parts of the mathematics of group theory, but Galois is generally considered to have been the first to develop the ...

The smallest nontrivial taxicab number, i.e., the smallest number representable in two ways as a sum of two cubes. It is given by 1729=1^3+12^3=9^3+10^3. The number derives ...

The helm graph H_n is the graph obtained from an n-wheel graph by adjoining a pendant edge at each node of the cycle. Helm graphs are graceful (Gallian 2018), with the odd ...

A Heronian tetrahedron, also called a perfect tetrahedron, is a (not necessarily regular) tetrahedron whose sides, face areas, and volume are all rational numbers. It ...