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An n×n Latin square is a Latin rectangle with k=n. Specifically, a Latin square consists of n sets of the numbers 1 to n arranged in such a way that no orthogonal (row or ...

The Lebesgue measure is an extension of the classical notions of length and area to more complicated sets. Given an open set S=sum_(k)(a_k,b_k) containing disjoint intervals, ...

The term "left factorial" is sometimes used to refer to the subfactorial !n, the first few values for n=1, 2, ... are 1, 3, 9, 33, 153, 873, 5913, ... (OEIS A007489). ...

The Lester circle is the circle on which the circumcenter C, nine-point center N, and the first and second Fermat points X and X^' lie (Kimberling 1998, pp. 229-230). Besides ...

Levenberg-Marquardt is a popular alternative to the Gauss-Newton method of finding the minimum of a function F(x) that is a sum of squares of nonlinear functions, ...

Linnik's constant L is the constant appearing in Linnik's theorem. Heath-Brown (1992) has shown that L<=5.5, and Schinzel, Sierpiński, and Kanold (Ribenboim 1989) have ...

A lobster graph, lobster tree, or simply "lobster," is a tree having the property that the removal of leaf nodes leaves a caterpillar graph (Gallian 2007). The numbers of ...

A lozenge (or rhombus) algorithm is a class of transformation that can be used to attempt to produce series convergence improvement (Hamming 1986, p. 207). The best-known ...

The term Mandelbrot set is used to refer both to a general class of fractal sets and to a particular instance of such a set. In general, a Mandelbrot set marks the set of ...

The Maxwell (or Maxwell-Boltzmann) distribution gives the distribution of speeds of molecules in thermal equilibrium as given by statistical mechanics. Defining a=sqrt(kT/m), ...