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An affine geometry is a geometry in which properties are preserved by parallel projection from one plane to another. In an affine geometry, the third and fourth of Euclid's ...

An antisymmetric (also called alternating) tensor is a tensor which changes sign when two indices are switched. For example, a tensor A^(x_1,...,x_n) such that ...

The bellows conjecture asserts that all flexible polyhedra keep a constant volume as they are flexed (Cromwell 1997). The conjecture was apparently proposed by Dennis ...

In floating-point arithmetic, a biased exponent is the result of adding some constant (called the bias) to the exponent chosen to make the range of the exponent nonnegative. ...

Given a complex Hilbert space H with associated space L(H) of continuous linear operators from H to itself, the bicommutant M^('') of an arbitrary subset M subset= L(H) is ...

The binomial transform takes the sequence a_0, a_1, a_2, ... to the sequence b_0, b_1, b_2, ... via the transformation b_n=sum_(k=0)^n(-1)^(n-k)(n; k)a_k. The inverse ...

If a continuous function defined on an interval is sometimes positive and sometimes negative, it must be 0 at some point. Bolzano (1817) proved the theorem (which effectively ...

The term Borel hierarchy is used to describe a collection of subsets of R defined inductively as follows: Level one consists of all open and closed subsets of R, and upon ...

In 1850, Bravais demonstrated that crystals were comprised of 14 different types of unit cells: simple cubic, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic; simple tetragonal, ...

The product of a family {X_i}_(i in I) of objects of a category is an object P=product_(i in I)X_i, together with a family of morphisms {p_i:P->X_i}_(i in I) such that for ...