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The term "loop" has a number of meanings in mathematics. Most simply, a loop is a closed curve whose initial and final points coincide in a fixed point p known as the ...

The Moses circle is defined as the circle with center at the Brocard midpoint X_(39) that is tangent to the nine-point circle at the center of the Kiepert hyperbola X_(115). ...

An algebraic loop L is a Moufang loop if all triples of elements x, y, and z in L satisfy the Moufang identities, i.e., if 1. z(x(zy))=((zx)z)y, 2. x(z(yz))=((xz)y)z, 3. ...

Let S be a subset of a metric space. Then the set S is open if every point in S has a neighborhood lying in the set. An open set of radius r and center x_0 is the set of all ...

Take the Helmholtz differential equation del ^2F+k^2F=0 (1) in spherical coordinates. This is just Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates with an additional term, (2) ...

A toric section is a curve obtained by slicing a torus (generally a horn torus) with a plane. A spiric section is a special case of a toric section in which the slicing plane ...

The functions (also called the circular functions) comprising trigonometry: the cosecant cscx, cosine cosx, cotangent cotx, secant secx, sine sinx, and tangent tanx. However, ...

A unit fraction is a fraction with numerator 1. Examples of unit fractions include 1/2, 1/3, 1/12, and 1/123456. The famous Rhind papyrus, dated to around 1650 BC, discusses ...

A curve named after James Watt (1736-1819), the Scottish engineer who developed the steam engine (MacTutor Archive). The curve is produced by a linkage of rods connecting two ...

The Weierstrass substitution is the trigonometric substitution t=tan(theta/2) which transforms an integral of the form intf(costheta,sintheta)dtheta into one of the form ...